Technical Article

What is the difference between a signal cable and an optical fiber cable?

：2025-04-01

：

　　Signal lines and fiber optic lines are two completely different tranSMission media, and they have significant differences in transmission principles, structural characteristics, performance and application scenarios. The following is a detailed comparison from five core dimensions:

　　1. Transmission principle:

　　Signal line: Transmit information through electrical signals, allowing for the transmission of analog and digital signals.

　　fiber optic cable: transmits information through optical signals, using the principle of total reflection of light for signal transmission, and can only transmit digital signals.

　　2. Structural features:

　　Signal wires are typically made of conductive metals (e.g. copper), protected by an insulating layer.

　　Fiber optic cable: consists of a core, a cladding, and a sheath made of materials with different refractive indices to support total reflection of light.

　　3. Transmission performance:

　　Signal line: Affected by electromagnetic interference, the transmission distance and bandwidth are limited, generally between a few hundred meters and a thousand meters, with a bandwidth of several Mbps to several tens of Mbps.

　　Fiber optic cable: free from electromagnetic interference, with long transmission distances (up to tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers) and high bandwidth (up to tens of Gbps).

　　4, application field:

　　Signal line: commonly used for short-distance transmission, such as home networks, small offices, etc.

　　fiber optic cables are commonly used for long-distance transmission, such as in communication networks, data centers, medical care, sensor monitoring, and aerospace.

　　5. Other factors:

　　Cost: Fiber optic cables are usually more expensive than signal cables, but with the continuous development of technology, the manufacturing and installation costs of fiber optic cables are gradually decreasing.

　　Installation and maintenance: Fiber optic cables require specialized tools and techniques for installation and maintenance.

　　Based on the above information, signal lines and fiber optic lines have significant differences in transmission principles, structural characteristics, transmission performance, and application fields. Signal lines are suitable for short-distance transmission, while fiber optic lines are suitable for long-distance transmission, with higher bandwidth and stronger anti-interference ability. When choosing which transmission medium to use, you need to choose according to specific application scenarios and needs.

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