Single-Mode vs Multi-Mode Fiber Optics: What’s the Difference and Which One to Use?

This paper compares single-mode fiber and multimode fiber in detail, introduces their differences in structure, tranSMission characteristics, transmission distance, cost, etc., and gives suggestions for selection in different scenarios.

Single-mode fiber, multimode fiber, fiber differential

Table of Contents:

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Introduction

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Structural differences between single-mode fiber and multimode fiber

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Differences in transmission characteristics

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The difference in transmission distance

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cost comparison

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How to choose

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conclusion

Introduction

In the field of fiber optic communications, single-mode fiber and multimode fiber are two common transmission media. Understanding the differences between them is crucial to the correct choice and use of fiber. Next, we will delve into the differences between single-mode fiber and multimode fiber in several ways.

Structural differences between single-mode fiber and multimode fiber

The core diameter of single-mode fiber is very small, usually only about 8 to 10 microns. Because the core is very thin, it allows only one mode of optical signal to be transmitted in it. The core diameter of multimode fiber is relatively large, generally between 50 and 62.5 microns. The larger core allows multimode fiber to transmit multiple modes of optical signals simultaneously.

Differences in transmission characteristics

Single-mode fiber transmits only one mode of light, so the dispersion of the optical signal during transmission is very small. This allows single-mode fiber to maintain high signal quality and transmission rate, suitable for long-distance, high-speed data transmission. While multi-mode fiber transmits multiple modes of light at the same time, different modes of light will produce mode dispersion during transmission, resulting in signal distortion. Therefore, the transmission rate and transmission distance of multi-mode fiber are relatively limited.

The difference in transmission distance

Single-mode fiber can transmit very long distances due to its low dispersion characteristics. Without the use of repeaters, single-mode fiber can transmit tens of kilometers or even hundreds of kilometers. In contrast, multimode fiber usually has a shorter transmission distance due to the influence of mode dispersion, usually between a few hundred meters and a few kilometers.

cost comparison

From a cost perspective, the manufacturing cost of single-mode fiber is relatively high. This is because the core of single-mode fiber is very thin, and the manufacturing process requirements are more stringent. In addition, the light emitting and receiving equipment used in single-mode fiber is also relatively expensive. The manufacturing cost of multimode fiber is relatively low, and its supporting light transmitting and receiving equipment is also relatively affordable.

How to choose

If it is a long-distance, high-speed data transmission scenario, such as backbone network connections between cities, interconnection between large data centers, etc., single-mode fiber is a better choice. Because it can meet the requirements of long-distance and high-speed. And in short-distance network connections, such as local area networks inside buildings, campus networks, etc., multimode fiber is more suitable. On the one hand, the transmission distance of multimode fiber can meet the needs of short-distance connections; on the other hand, its lower cost can also reduce the investment in network construction.

conclusion

Single-mode fiber and multi-mode fiber have their own characteristics and unique advantages in different application scenarios. Understanding their differences in structure, transmission characteristics, transmission distance and cost can help us make the right choice according to actual needs to build an efficient and stable optical fiber communication network.

Everyone is asking:

Which transmission distance is longer, single-mode fiber or multimode fiber?

Single-mode fiber has a longer transmission distance, capable of transmitting tens of kilometers or even hundreds of kilometers without the use of repeaters, while multimode fiber is generally between a few hundred meters and a few kilometers.

Which is more expensive, single-mode fiber or multimode fiber?

Single-mode fiber is expensive because of its relatively high manufacturing cost and the associated light emitting and receiving equipment.

What scenarios is multimode fiber suitable for?

Multimode fiber is suitable for short-distance network connections, such as local area networks within buildings, campus networks, and so on.

What scenarios is single-mode fiber suitable for?

Single-mode fiber is suitable for long-distance, high-speed data transmission scenarios, such as backbone network connections between cities and interconnections between large data centers.

What are the main structural differences between single-mode fiber and multimode fiber?

Single-mode fiber cores are usually only about 8 to 10 micrometers in diameter, allowing only one mode of optical signal transmission; multimode fiber cores are generally between 50 and 62.5 micrometers in diameter, allowing multiple modes of optical signals to be transmitted simultaneously.