Fiber technologies encompasses both natural and synthetic filament production methods, with natural fibers obtained from biological sources and man-made fibers developed from polymers like nylon or polyester. While fiber use dates back to ancient times, major breakthroughs occurred in the 19th-20th centuries through chemical treatments and synthetic fiber creation, expanding their versatile applications.

Fiber technologies employs diverse manufacturing methods, often involving material extrusion through fine dies to create continuous strands. Specialty fibers like carbon and glass enable high-performance applications in aerospace and medical fields. This technology also encompasses textile creation via weaving/knitting processes and durable cordage production through fiber bundling.

Fiber optics have transformed global communications through high-speed, secure data transfer. Ongoing advancements, from intelligent fabrics to novel applications, point toward expanding roles for fiber technologies across multiple sectors including telecom, infrastructure, and advanced materials.